Welcome to the University of Virginia! This guide provides an awareness of key resources and services available to help you accomplish all you need effectively and efficiently.

Search and Find Books, Articles, and Protocols

• Claude Moore Health Sciences Library Resources
• PubMed
• NCBI Databases
• Web of Science
• ScienceDirect
• Current Protocols
• Virgo (UVa’s Library Catalog)

Off-Grounds Access

• UVA Anywhere: Provides an off-Grounds connection to library resources (databases, e-journals, e-books etc) that normally require you to be on Grounds to use them.  You will have to register with ITS to put a certificate on your computer and download and install the network software. 

Information Management

• EndNote: Citation manager tool designed to help you manage your digital library, generate citations and bibliographies
• F1000 Workspace: user-friendly web-based citation manager.

Software at UVa

• UVa Software Gateway: list of licensed software provided by UVa

Writing and Teaching Resources

• UVa Center for Teaching Excellence 
• UVa Writing Center

Theses & Dissertations

• Libra: Electronic dissertations and master's theses are deposited in the Libra scholarly repository. Libra makes UVA scholarship available to the world and provides safe and secure storage for the scholarly output of the UVA community 

 Posters and Presentations

•   Our guide to creating a poster in PowerPoint, including links to UVA logos

How can you distinguish Primary, Secondary and Tertiary information?

Primary Scientific Literature

Original information/materials on which research is based on and it is usually published in a peer-review journal.  It includes original research, dissertations, technical reports, conference papers, and patents. It may also include data sets, pre-prints or preliminary reports. 

How to locate primary literature?

1. From the Library's homepage, begin your search in Virgo or select a subject-specific database from the A-Z Databases.
2. Narrow your search to journal articles.
3. Once you have a set of search results,  look for articles where the author has conducted original research. A primary research article will include:  a ) an introduction with a statement of the research objective, b) a methods section that details exactly how the research was performed, with enough information that another researcher could replicate it a c) results section that describes the data collected, including charts or graphs and statistical analysis a d) discussion section that interprets the results within the context of the research objective

Secondary Literature.

Secondary sources of information are based on primary sources. They describe, interpret, analyze and evaluate primary sources of information.

Examples of secondary sources include: 

• review articles or analysis of research studies about the same topic (also often in peer-reviewed publications), systematic reviews.
• biographies, reviews, or critiques of an author

How to locate Secondary Literature?

1. From the Library's homepage, begin your search in Virgo or select a subject-specific database from the A-Z Databases. Example databases could be PubMed, Web of Science, etc. 
2. For example Narrow your search to Reviews, or Systematic reviews or Meta-analysis. 

Tertiary Literature

Tertiary literature synthesizes information from primary and secondary literature. Tertiary literature can include books, textbooks, encyclopedias, and dictionaries.

How to locate Tertiary Literature?

1. From the Library's homepage, begin your search in Virgo
2. Limit by Source Types select  Books. 
3. You can also search e-books here: https://guides.lib.virginia.edu/ebooks  Click Ebrary and search for books. 

• How to Give a Good Journal Club Presentation-  From UVA Pharmacology
  Paper Selection
  Step 1: pick a good paper. What makes a "good" J. Club paper? Papers that present an important concept in a clear manner. Many excellent papers are published but the data does not lend itself well to a clear presentation. Overall features:
  should clearly state WHY doing the problem in the first place (significance) – find in the introduction, should be well referenced, shouldn't have to go to additional sources unless need to check specifics.

  1. should clearly state WHAT is the problem to be solved – see the introduction.
  2. should clearly state HOW the problem is to be solved – see Experimental Procedures.
  3. should clearly state the CONCLUSIONS of the paper – see Discussion.

  If you have been assigned a mentor for the journal club, consult the mentor at least 2 weeks in advance and choose a paper that is interesting to your mentor. Before you prepare your JC presentation, read a good recent review on the topic.
  General Presentation Tips
  Never Assume...

  1. Never assume the audience understands the technique – always explain how each experiment is done and the limitations of the technique.
  2. Never assume the audience is thinking – always explain what question the experiment is going to answer, explain the conclusion of each experiment, the limits of interpretation and if the experiment answers the question.
  3. Never assume the audience is listening – at the end of your presentation, again present the problem or question, the minimum relevant pieces of data that answered the question, the conclusion and if the data supports the conclusion.
  4. If the paper focuses on a specific protein, it is important to look up some basic aspects of this protein family. You will invariably get questions about the functional domains, orthologs, and homologs.

   

  Make figures large enough to read. Re-label if necessary.

  Organizational Tips
  Identify the problem and place it in the scientific context

  • Present overall model that is being addressed and identify which part of the model the paper you are going to present is addressing (in other words, you are presenting the introduction to the paper even before you tell them what paper you are going to be presenting).
  • Present background, but only enough so that audience can understand the question
  •  Identify the paper title, authors and Journal.
  • Present only relevant data that supports model and present that data thoroughly.
  • You do not need to present every experiment in a paper. Once again, majority of the experiments are controls, you need to know how to identify the controls and present them as data that supports the relevant data. Eliminate any obviously redundant or irrelevant experiments.
  • If paper being presented is using a number of mutants, rename mutants so that they are easier to remember, color code them so they are easier to remember.

  Take Home Message!
  At the end of J. Club everyone in the room should be able to answer three simple questions:

  1. What was the question the authors were trying to answer?
  2. What was the most significant piece of data the authors presented to answer the question?
  3. Did the data conclusively answer the authors’ question?

  If they can, you have given a good J. Club.
  Figure Presentation Tips
  Only present one experiment/slide. Make sure that the figure is LARGE enough to be seen from the back of the room. When you present the relevant data, remember:

  1. to have all parts of the figured labeled clearly (use color)
  2. Define abbreviations, and avoid too much jargon
  3. to state what technique is being used
  4. to explain clearly what this technique measures
  5. to clearly explain the results
  6. AND, last but not least, explain how the experiment answers the overall question, what limits there are on the interpretation of the result and how any limits were addressed in the paper (additional experiments, controls, etc.)

  Some Psychological aspects for those who will be presenting for the first time to the department
  Presenting these journal clubs can be a stressful experience – especially if this is your first presentation to the entire department. There are a few things to keep in mind.

  • The attending faculty members are not there to judge you – they are there because they find the paper or the topic interesting.
  • You are not expected to be an expert in this area but you are expected to put in a sincere and determined effort.
  • When you are confronted with critical comments about the paper, don’t take it personally. It is not your work – you are merely presenting it.
  • An active discussion (including criticisms about the results and conclusions) means that the audience is engaged and you are doing your job.
  • You should feel free to play the devil’s advocate and defend the authors but you are not obliged to.
  • If you feel extremely nervous before the presentation, take a moment and tell the audience that you are nervous and it will take a few minutes before you settle down

  Other Resources

  Preparing Journal Club Talks

  How to give a scientific presentation

  5 Tips for Journal Club

  Ten Simple Rules for a Bioinformatics Journal Club

  Guide to giving an effective Journal Club

  Advice on Talks and Presentations

  Active Reading Strategies: Remember and Analyze What You Read

  Checklist for Analyzing Research Material

  How the Language Really Works: The Fundamentals of Critical Reading and Effective Writing